University of St Andrews
 
 

Molecular and Structural Virology



Viral diseases remain a major threat to public health and the economy of both developed and developing countries. The worldwide AIDS pandemic is but one example of a newly emerged virus disease, other potential threats come from Ebola, Nipah and Hantaan viruses. Older, more established, human viruses such as influenza, measles, hepatitis and the common cold still cause major health problems.

Research within the Molecular Virology Unit is concerned with further understanding how viruses cause disease at the molecular level and in using the information gained from such studies for medical purposes. Research themes include:

RNA viruses, including Picornaviruses (e.g. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus), paramyxoviruses (e.g. mumps, measles and parainfluenza viruses) and Bunyawera viruses (MDR, RER, RME).

  • Structural Virology (GLT, RER, RME)

  • Emerging RNA viruses (RME, RER, MDR)

  • Viruses, immunity, and vaccine design (RER, RME)

  • Virus persistence (MDR, RER)

  • Papilloma viruses and human cancers (CSH)

  • Recombinant viruses as treatments for cancer (RI)

  • The isolation of novel anti-viral drugs (RER, MDR, GLT, GK)

Research Group website


Staff List: (6)
click name for details
Herrington, Prof Simon John Reid Professor of Pathology and Deputy Head of School
(School of Medicine)
csh2@st-and.ac.uk
01334 463618
Prof Simon Herrington

John Reid Professor of Pathology, Bute Medical School and Honorary Consultant Pathologist, NHS Tayside

Qualifications

MA (Cantab) MB BS (Lond) DPhil (Oxon) FRCP (Lond) FRCP (Edin) FRCPath

Recent Publications (PubMed search)

Areas of Expertise

Clinical and Experimental Pathology, with a particular interest in gynaecological disease

Molecular Pathology, particularly human papillomaviruses, interphase cytogenetics, retroviral methodology, raft culture

Research Interests

The use of biophotonics approaches for the early diagnosis of neoplasia

The mechanisms of interaction between human papillomaviruses and squamous epithelium during viral infection and the development of neoplasia.

The use of small molecules for the treatment of human papillomavirus-associated disease

External Committees

General Secretary, Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Vice-President, International Society of Gynecological Pathologists

Member of Council, British Division of the International Academy of Pathology

Member of the Board, Association for International Cancer Research

Editorial Commitments

Advisory Board Member, Journal of Pathology (Impact Factor 5.423, ISI 2007)

Editorial Board Member, Human Pathology

Editorial Board Member, International Journal of Gynecological Pathology

Editorial Board Member, Diagnostic Molecular Pathology

Research Summary

In collaboration with the physics and astronomy department in St Andrews, we are developing a programme for the investigation of spectroscopic approaches for the early detection of non-invasive neoplasia utilizing cross disciplinary experimental and theoretical techniques. This work was initially funded by a MRC / EPSRC discipline hopping award and its ultimate goal is to determine whether spectroscopy can discriminate between normal and neoplastic tissues. A EPSRC basic technology grant supports a programme for the development of novel materials for biophysics approaches to the interrogation of human cells and tissues, in collaboration with Cambridge, Sheffield, Heriot-Watt and Leeds Universities The group has recently been awarded a programme grant by CRUK/EPSRC to support an initiative to develop optical methods for cancer diagnosis. Click here for further details of the photonics collaboration.

The group is also investigating the clinical and biological effects of human papillomavirus infection and its role in the pathogenesis of epithelial neoplasia, particularly of the female genital tract. This involves a combination of the analysis of naturally occurring lesions and investigation of the properties of papillomavirus genes in vitro. In this way, the ability to manipulate experimental conditions in vitro is being coupled with investigation of the in vivo relevance of the observations made.

In collaboration with Dr Sonia Lain (University of Dundee), we have investigated the effects of the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin on primary keratinocytes that express papillomavirus proteins. We have generated data showing that leptomycin rapidly induces apoptosis of keratinocytes expressing the E7 gene of HPV 16, with or without co-expression of HPV 16 E6. This suggests that this molecule may be of value in the treatment of HPV-associated neoplasia and further studies are planned to investigate the mechanisms by which this effect is brought about.






Jackson, Dr David BSRC Fellow / Honorary Lecturer
(School of Biology)
dj10@st-and.ac.uk
01334 463422
Molecular biology of influenza viruses and arenaviruses
keywords:
Molecular Biology, Virology
Jameison, Mr Steve Postgraduate Student
(School of Biology)
sj27@st-and.ac.uk
01334 467257
keywords:
Biochemistry, Biophysics, Cell Biology, Cell signalling, Gene regulation, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Neurobiology, Structural biology, Virology
Mr Steve Jameison

More about Mr Steve Jameison:
School of Biology Staff Profile


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Randall, Prof Richard Professor of Molecular Virology
(School of Biology)
rer@st-and.ac.uk
01334 463397
Viruses and innate immunity
keywords:
Cell biology, immunology, Molecular biology, Virology
Prof Richard Randall

Viruses, immunity and vaccines

  A major part of our research effort has been involved with studies on the induction of protective immunity to viruses, with the long term aim of producing novel vaccines and anti-viral drugs to a variety of human and animal viruses, including paramyxoviruses and HIV. In addition, we have a very active research programme concerned with exploring the molecular biology of paramyxoviruses which cause a number of important acute human and animal diseases, e.g. measles, mumps, rinderpest, and human and animal respiratory illness.

We documented for the first time the molecular basis of how many Paramyxoviruses circumvent the interferon response, a major component of innate immunity. Basically, these viruses encode a protein which targets cellular proteins (STATs) essential for interferon signalling for proteasome-mediated degradation. In addition, to blocking IFN signalling we have also shown that these viruses specifically inhibit the production of IFN.

We are currently working on the molecular basis of the targeted degradation of STAT and the mechanism of inhibition of IFN production. Furthermore, these findings have revealed that the way viruses interact with the immune response may be an important factor which limits their ability to cross species barriers and how they establish persistent infections. Not only are these results of fundamental interest in virology but they also point a way forward for generating and manufacturing attenuated virus vaccines. Thus it is possible to specifically engineer viruses to make them sensitive to interferon, thereby rendering them non pathogenic but highly immunogenic.

We have also recently developed methods for engineering human cells, that are used in vaccine manufacture and virus diagnostics, so that can not respond to IFN. Such IFN non-responsive cells are better able to support the replication of a variety of wild type DNA and RNA viruses, as well as candidate attenuated vaccines.

 

 





Ryan, Prof Martin Professor of Translational Virology
(School of Biology)
mdr1@st-and.ac.uk
01334 463403
Picornavirus replication and translational virology
keywords:
Cell biology, Molecular biology, Virology
Taylor, Prof Garry Professor of Molecular Biophysics
(School of Biology)
glt2@st-and.ac.uk
01334 467301
Structural biology of infection and immunity
keywords:
Biochemistry, Chemical biology, Enzymologoy, Structural biology, Virology