{"id":1878,"date":"2019-01-22T13:42:44","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T13:42:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/synergy.st-andrews.ac.uk\/smru\/?page_id=1878"},"modified":"2024-04-26T15:44:33","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T14:44:33","slug":"pool","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/smru\/pool\/","title":{"rendered":"Pool facility"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Pool Facility at the University of St Andrews Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) is a unique resource available for collaborative research and as a controlled testing facility for marine equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SMRU has research expertise in a wide range of subject areas, from population ecology, animal physiology, behavioural ecology, acoustics, biologging and anthropogenic interactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The facility is also available to test marine equipment and sensors, such as sonar, ROVs and hydrophone arrays, allowing for calibration and optimisation of equipment in a controlled marine environment prior to deployment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Main pool: 42 x 6 x 2.5m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The modular pool design enables the division of the main pool or the creation of lane systems.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gantry Crane<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"s1\">Moving overhead gantry crane <br>with 2 x 500kg safe load<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Raised pool: 3m x 1.5m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"s1\">Fitted with 50-micron effluent filter screen<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/smru\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2019\/02\/screen-pool-details.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1890\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Satellite pools<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"s1\">two small pools <br><\/span><span class=\"s1\">4 x 2m and 3 x 2m<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Filtered seawater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"s1\">delivered at a maximum rate<br>of 100m<sup>3<\/sup>\/hr<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:76px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"accordion-group__toggle\">Open all<\/button><ul class=\"accordion-group accordion-group__toggle-container\">\n<li class=\"accordion-item\"><div class=\"accordion-item__toggle toggle-me\"><h2 class=\"accordion-item__toggle-title\"><button class=\"accordion-item__toggle-button\">Recent research<\/button><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"accordion-item__content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk balancing in Marine Mammals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Using a simulated foraging setup, seals were given the choice to forage at prey patches with differing prey densities in the presence or absence of man-made noise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Faced with a choice between a rewarding prey patch with a high level of sound, and one that has a lower level of sound but is also less rewarding, seals exhibited behaviour that balanced the degree of risk involved against the relative energetic advantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/smru\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2019\/02\/IMG_1497-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1891\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shining new light on diving physiology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Traditional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) equipment waterproofed by in-house engineers was used to investigate tissue perfusion and oxygenation in seals during voluntary diving bouts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using superficially mounted light emitting optodes this study demonstrated that seals show significant levels of deoxygenation in the brain and blubber during diving bouts, confirming their ability to conserve oxygen by uncoupling blood flow to the muscles from the core.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"accordion-item\"><div class=\"accordion-item__toggle toggle-me\"><h2 class=\"accordion-item__toggle-title\"><button class=\"accordion-item__toggle-button\">Equipment testing<\/button><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"accordion-item__content\">\n<p>The large saltwater pools at the SMRU pool facility are well equipped to offer a testing platform for a variety of marine and underwater equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pool facility has recently used for a diverse range of testing including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hydrophone calibration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hydrophone array design and optimisation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sonar testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marine resilience testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optimisation of net design<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Underwater speaker trials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>We offer access to and use of several pools, overhead crane, modular dock systems, 240\/110V power, workshop and desk space.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"accordion-item\"><div class=\"accordion-item__toggle toggle-me\"><h2 class=\"accordion-item__toggle-title\"><button class=\"accordion-item__toggle-button\">Pool publications<\/button><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"accordion-item__content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risk balancing by a marine mammal: man-made noise reduces the foraging success of seals&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Gordon D. Hastie, Paul Lepper, Chris McKnight, Ryan Milne, Debbie J.F. Russell, &amp; Dave Thompson<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Shining new light on diving physiology using underwater near infrared spectroscopy &nbsp;<\/strong><br>McKnight, JC, Bennett, KA, Bronkhorst, M, Balfour, S, Milne, R, Bivins, M, Moss, SEW, Colier, W, Bivins, D, Hall, AJ and Thompson, D, in review, Current Biology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Metabolic rate of hauled out harbour seals during the moult<\/strong><br>Paterson, WD, Moss, SE, Milne, R, Currie, J, McCafferty, D &amp; Thompson, D, in review, Cons. Physiol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2018<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Counting the cost of tagging: quanitifying and reducing the behavioural and energetic impacts of tags in a large marine vertebrate &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>McKnight, J. C, PhD Thesis (2018) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/15560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/15560<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2017<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Obtaining accurate glucose measurements from wild animals under field conditions: comparing a hand held glucometer with a standard laboratory technique in grey seals<\/strong><br>Bennett, K. A., Turner, L. M., Millward, S., Moss, S. E. W. &amp; Hall, A. J. 27 Feb 2017 &nbsp;Conservation Physiology. 5, 1, 10 p. &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/conphys\/cox013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/conphys\/cox013<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Using blubber explants to investigate adipose function in grey seals: glycolytic, lipolytic and gene expression responses to glucose and hydrocortisone &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Bennett, K. A., Robinson, K. J., Moss, S. E. W., Millward, S. &amp; Hall, A. J. 10 Aug 2017 In : Scientific Reports. 7, 11 p., 7731 &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06037-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06037-x<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What should I eat? Experimental evidence for prey selection in grey seals. &nbsp;<\/strong><br>Gallon, Susan &amp; Thompson, David &amp; J. Middlemas, Stuart. (2017). Animal Behaviour. 123. 35-41. 10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.09.012. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.09.012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.09.012<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Physiological aspects of moulting in phocid seals and the implications of anthropogenic disturbance.<\/strong><br>Paterson, W. 2017, PhD thesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Improved estimates of digestion correction factors and passage rates for harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) prey in the northeast Atlantic.<\/strong><br>Wilson, LJ., Grellier, K. &amp; Hammond, PS. (2017). Marine Mammal Science. \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mms.12436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mms.12436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2016<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Plugging the Gaps \u2013 Improving Our Knowledge of How Predators Impact Salmon Farms &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Alex Coram, Michael Mazilu, Simon Northridge. 2016 Report to Scottish Aquaculture Research Forum &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sarf.org.uk\/cms-assets\/documents\/245877-466609.sarf097.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.sarf.org.uk\/cms-assets\/documents\/245877-466609.sarf097.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Development of an animal-borne blood sample collection device and its deployment for the determination of cardiovascular and stress hormones in phocid seals &nbsp;<\/strong><br>Takei, Y., Suzuki, I., Wong, M. K. S., Milne, R., Moss, S., Sato, K. &amp; Hall, A. 6 Oct 2016 In : American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 311, 4, p. R788-R796 9 p. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00211.2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00211.2016<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2015<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Detection and effects of harmful algal toxins in Scottish harbour seals and potential links to population decline &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Jensen, S-K., Lacaze, J-P., Hermann, G., Kershaw, J., Brownlow, A., Turner, A. &amp; Hall, A. J. Apr 2015 In : Toxicon. 97, p. 1-14 14 p. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.02.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.02.002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can a Gray Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Generalize Call Classes?<\/strong><br>Stansbury, Amanda &amp; de Freitas, Mafalda &amp; Wu, Gi-Mick &amp; M Janik, Vincent. \u2002Journal of Comparative Psychology 129(4) <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0039756\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0039756<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Potential Uses of Anthropogenic Noise as a Source of Information in Animal Sensory and Communication Systems. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Stansbury, Amanda &amp; Deecke, Volker &amp; G\u00f6tz, Thomas &amp; M Janik, Vincent. (2015). Advances in experimental medicine and biology. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-2981-8_137\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-2981-8_137<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vocal learning and development in the grey seal, Halichoerus grypus<\/strong><br>Amanda Stansbury, PhD Thesis (2015) <a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/6929\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/6929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2014<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Grey seals use anthropogenic signals from acoustic tags to locate fish: Evidence from a simulated foraging task.<\/strong><br>Stansbury, Amanda &amp; G\u00f6tz, Thomas &amp; Deecke, Volker &amp; M. Janik, Vincent. (2014). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282. 10.1098\/rspb.2014.1595. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2014.1595\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2014.1595<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>THE DIET AND FEEDING ECOLOGY OF HARBOUR SEALS AROUND BRITAIN &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Lindsay J. Wilson, PhD Thesis (2014) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/6554\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/6554<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2012<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Behavioural responses of seals to pulsed, low-voltage electric fields in sea water (preliminary tests)<\/strong><br>Milne, R., Lines, J., Moss, S. &amp; Thompson, D. 2012.&nbsp; Report to the Scottish Aquaculture Research Forum. Sarf071 pp 20. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sarf.org.uk\/cms-assets\/documents\/124766-207045.sarf071-revised.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.sarf.org.uk\/cms-assets\/documents\/124766-207045.sarf071-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Seals like it hot: Changes in surface temperature of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from late pregnancy to moult<\/strong><br>Paterson, W., Sparling, C. E., Thompson, D., Pomeroy, P. P., Currie, J. I. &amp; McCafferty, D. J. Oct 2012 In : Journal of Thermal Biology. 37, 6, p. 454-461 8 p<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2012.03.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2012.03.004<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2011<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Repeated elicitation of the acoustic startle reflex leads to sensitisation in subsequent avoidance behaviour and induces fear conditioning. &nbsp;<\/strong><br>Gotz, Thomas; Janik, Vincent<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In: BioMed Central Neuroscience, Vol. 12, 30, 2011. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-12-30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-12-30<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2010<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aversiveness of sounds in phocid seals : psycho-physiological factors, learning processes and motivation. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Gotz, Thomas; Janik, Vincent. Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 213, No. 9, 01.05.2010, p. 1536-1548. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.035535\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.035535<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Estimating metabolic heat loss in birds and mammals by combining infrared thermography with biophysical modelling. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>McCafferty, D, Gilbert, C, Paterson, WD, Pomeroy, P, Thompson, D, j.c. currie, JC &amp; Ancel, A 2010, Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systems, and Environmental Physiology. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpa.2010.09.012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpa.2010.09.012<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Call Usage Learning in Gray Seals (Halichoerus grypus) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>D Shapiro, Ari &amp; J B Slater, Peter &amp; M Janik, Vincent. (2005)\u2026 Journal of comparative psychology &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0735-7036.118.4.447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0735-7036.118.4.447<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A Gray Seal\u2019s (Halichoerus grypus) Responses to Experimenter-Given Pointing and Directional Cues. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><br>D Shapiro, Ari &amp; M Janik, Vincent &amp; J B Slater, Peter. (2004). Journal of comparative psychology <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0735-7036.117.4.355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0735-7036.117.4.355<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2008<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FORAGING STRATEGIES IN GREY SEALS (HALICHOERUS GRYPUS) : FORAGING EFFORT AND PREY SELECTION.<\/strong><br>Gallon, Susan. PhD Thesis (2008). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/704<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Estimating field metabolic rates of pinnipeds: doubly labelled water gets the seal of approval.<\/strong><br>Sparling C. E., D. Thompson, M. A. Fedak, S. L. Gallon, J. R. Speakman . (2008) Functional Ecology, Volume 22, Issue 2, Pages: 245-254 &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2007.01368.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2007.01368.x<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2007<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Eat now, pay later? Evidence of deferred food-processing costs in diving seals.<\/strong><br>&nbsp;Sparling C.E.,Fedak MA, Thompson D. (2007) Biology Letters 2007 Feb 22;3(1):94-8.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2006.0566\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2006.0566<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How long does a dive last? Foraging decisions by breath-hold divers in a patchy environment: a test of a simple model<\/strong><br>Sparling, C.E., Georges J.Y., Gallon S.L., Fedak M.A. &amp; Thompson D. (2007). Animal Behaviour. 74:207-218. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.06.022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.06.022<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How fast does a seal swim? Variations in swimming behaviour under differing foraging conditions.<\/strong><br>\u00a0\u00a0 Gallon S.L., Sparling C.E., Georges J.Y., Fedak M.A., Biuw M., Thompson D. (2007) Journal of Experimental Biology. 210(18):3285-94. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.007542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.007542<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2006<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Robust digestion and passage rate estimates for hard parts of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) prey. &nbsp;<\/strong><br>S. Hammond, Philip &amp; Grellier, Kate. (2006). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 63. 1982-1998. 10.1139\/f06-092. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/F06-092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/F06-092<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Feeding method affects otolith digestion in captive gray seals: Implications for diet composition estimation.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/strong><br>Grellier, K &amp; S. Hammond, P. (2006). Marine Mammal Science. 21. 296 \u2013 306. 10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01229.x. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01229.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01229.x<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Seasonal variation in the metabolic rate and body composition of female grey seals: fat conservation prior to high-cost reproduction in a capital breeder?&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Sparling, C.E.,Speakman, J.R. &amp; Fedak M.A. (2006) Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 176(6)505-512 &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00360-006-0072-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00360-006-0072-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2004<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The metabolic rate of captive grey seals during voluntary diving.<\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sparling C.E. &amp; Fedak M.A. (2004). Journal of Experimental Biology. 207 1615-1624 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.00952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.00952<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2003<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATION IN THE ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN GREY SEALS (HALICHOERUS GRYPUS)<\/strong><br>Carol E. Sparling, PhD Thesis (2003) <a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/3722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10023\/3722<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"s1\">email: <br><a href=\"mailto:SMRUpool@st-andrews.ac.uk?email enquiry from website\">SMRUpool@st-andrews.ac.uk<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"s1\">tel. <br>+44 (0)1334 463472<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>twitter:&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/_smru_\"><span class=\"s1\">@_SMRU_<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enquiry form<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f3647-o1\" lang=\"en-GB\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"3647\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/smru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1878#wpcf7-f3647-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"3647\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.5\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_GB\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f3647-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<p><label> Your name<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-name\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"your-name\" \/><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><label> Your email<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"your-email\" \/><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><label> Subject<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-subject\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"your-subject\" \/><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><label> Your message (optional)<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-message\"><textarea cols=\"40\" rows=\"10\" maxlength=\"2000\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"your-message\"><\/textarea><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" \/>\n<\/p><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"_wpcf7_ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"_wpcf7_ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_1\" name=\"_wpcf7_ak_js\" value=\"42\"\/><script>document.getElementById( \"ak_js_1\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );<\/script><\/p><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Pool Facility at the University of St Andrews Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) is a unique resource available for collaborative research and as a controlled testing facility for marine equipment. SMRU has research expertise in a wide range of subject areas, from population ecology, animal physiology, behavioural ecology, acoustics, biologging and anthropogenic interactions. 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