{"id":1614,"date":"2022-01-20T21:53:52","date_gmt":"2022-01-20T21:53:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=module&#038;p=1614"},"modified":"2022-05-19T10:05:16","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T09:05:16","slug":"evolution","status":"publish","type":"module","link":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/module\/evolution\/","title":{"rendered":"BL3316 &#8211; Co-evolution: living together"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span>This module considers coevolution: how organisms influence the evolution of other organisms around them. Some of the most exquisite and remarkable adaptations in the natural world are the products of coevolution, from the elaborate displays of birds-of-paradise to the sexual mimicry of orchids. We will consider coevolution within a species, focusing in particular on the interactions between males and females, and also coevolution between species, including animal-plant interactions, host-parasite interactions, and predator-prey interactions. Topics to be considered in detail will be sexual selection, pollination biology, herbivory, prey defences, the evolution of virulence, and the ecology of coevolution, focusing in particular on tritrophic interactions between animals, plants and fungi. Finally, we will consider broader themes in coevolution, including the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution and applied aspects of coevolution.<\/span><span class=\"data_sources_star\">*<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This module considers coevolution: how organisms influence the evolution of other organisms around them. Some of the most exquisite and remarkable adaptations in the natural world are the products of coevolution, from the elaborate displays of birds-of-paradise to the sexual mimicry of orchids. We will consider coevolution within a species, focusing in particular on the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1777,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","skill":[],"class_list":["post-1614","module","type-module","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"assessment_details":"3-hour Written Examination = 50%, Coursework = 50%","contributing_staff":[{"user-id":"nwb3","role":"Reader","module_organiser":1837,"phone":"","ID":1802,"post_title":"Dr Nathan Bailey","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"4","post_date":"2022-05-18 17:00:28","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-18 16:00:28","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dr-nathan-bailey","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-05-18 17:00:28","post_modified_gmt":"2022-05-18 16:00:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=staff_member&#038;p=1802","menu_order":0,"post_type":"staff_member","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":1802},{"user-id":"mb334","role":"Associate Lecturer (Education Focused)","module_organiser":1837,"phone":"","ID":1680,"post_title":"Dr Miguel Barbosa","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"4","post_date":"2022-05-18 10:44:39","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-18 09:44:39","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dr-miguel-barbosa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-05-18 11:47:43","post_modified_gmt":"2022-05-18 10:47:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=staff_member&#038;p=1680","menu_order":0,"post_type":"staff_member","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":1680},{"user-id":"jj33","role":"Professor","module_organiser":1898,"phone":"","ID":1852,"post_title":"Prof John Jones","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"4","post_date":"2022-05-19 10:03:32","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-19 09:03:32","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"prof-john-jones","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-05-19 10:03:32","post_modified_gmt":"2022-05-19 09:03:32","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=staff_member&#038;p=1852","menu_order":0,"post_type":"staff_member","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":1852},{"user-id":"mgr","role":"Professor","module_organiser":1609,"phone":"","ID":1801,"post_title":"Prof Mike Ritchie","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"4","post_date":"2022-05-18 16:59:49","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-18 15:59:49","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"prof-mike-ritchie","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-05-18 16:59:49","post_modified_gmt":"2022-05-18 15:59:49","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=staff_member&#038;p=1801","menu_order":0,"post_type":"staff_member","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":1801}],"learning_outcomes":"","module_code":"BL3316","programme":[{"related_modules":[1606,1607,1609,1611,1608,1613,1615,1614,1612],"ID":1605,"post_title":"Zoology","post_content":"The BSc in Zoology is a four-year course run by the School of Biology. The programme begins with a broad foundation across the range of biology, and then progresses from modules in molecular, cellular and organismal biology to a choice of options across a range of topics such as animal behaviour, development, evolution, neurobiology, environmental physiology, sea mammal biology, and various more ecological topics.\r\n\r\nAlongside zoology, in the first year of your studies you will be required to study an additional two subjects. In the second year, you will usually carry on at least one of these subjects, sometimes two. Find out more about<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.st-andrews.ac.uk\/subjects\/study-options\/ug\/degree-routes\/honours\/\">how academic years are organised<\/a>.\r\n\r\nIn third year, there is a shift from core, broad-themed modules to more specialised modules that allow students to prepare for their Honours degree. In fourth year, students continue specific research in their chosen area through student-led, inquiry-based learning.\r\n\r\nThe University of St\u00a0Andrews operates on a flexible modular degree system by which degrees are obtained through the accumulation of credits. More information on the structure of the modules system can be found on the<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.st-andrews.ac.uk\/subjects\/study-options\/ug\/flexible\/\">flexible degree structure web page.<\/a>\r\n<div class=\"alert alert-info\">\r\n\r\nWell-qualified school leavers may be able to apply for admission<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.st-andrews.ac.uk\/subjects\/biology\/zoology-bsc\/direct\/\">directly into the second year of this course<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nCentres of research within the School of Biology offer students the experience of working alongside experts and the opportunity to develop their own research in Honours years.\r\n\r\nThese facilities include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/soi.st-andrews.ac.uk\/\">The Scottish Oceans Institute<\/a>\u00a0houses a modern aquarium and laboratories for molecular, developmental and physiological studies of marine systems. The institute is ideally placed on the seashore near grey and common seal colonies and bottlenose dolphin feeding areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/synergy.st-andrews.ac.uk\/cbd\/\">The Centre for Biological Diversity<\/a>\u00a0has excellent facilities for behavioural, ecological and evolutionary research on small animals (including birds, insects and fish) and on plants.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.st-andrews.ac.uk\/bsrc\/\">The Biomedical Sciences Research Complex<\/a>\u00a0offers large multi-group laboratories that are focused on structural biology, molecular microbiology, virology, chemical biology and molecular medicine.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"96","post_date":"2022-01-20 21:42:43","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-20 21:42:43","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"zoology","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-04-11 17:01:07","post_modified_gmt":"2025-04-11 16:01:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=degree&#038;p=1605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"degree","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"_thumbnail_id":["400","10","2015-10-06 21:29:38","2015-10-06 21:29:38","","12036757_10153688467833787_4618725925346231596_n","","inherit","closed","closed","","12036757_10153688467833787_4618725925346231596_n","","","2015-10-06 21:29:38","2015-10-06 21:29:38","","0","https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/10\/12036757_10153688467833787_4618725925346231596_n.jpg","0","attachment","image\/jpeg","0","400"],"id":1605}],"skills":false,"timetable":"","module_code_year":"2021_2\/S2\/BL3316","credits":"20","semester":"2","module_organiser":[{"user-id":"dms14","role":"Senior Lecturer","module_organiser":1606,"phone":"","ID":1668,"post_title":"Dr David Shuker","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"4","post_date":"2022-05-16 18:55:26","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-16 17:55:26","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dr-david-shuker","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-05-18 11:50:33","post_modified_gmt":"2022-05-18 10:50:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=staff_member&#038;p=1668","menu_order":0,"post_type":"staff_member","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":1668}],"pre-requisite_modules":[{"assessment_details":"2-hour Written Examination = 50%, Coursework = 50%","contributing_staff":false,"learning_outcomes":"Students completing module BL2304 successfully should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Achieve an overview of animal phylogeny, including the origins of animals themselves, and the major divisions within the animal kingdom<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Appreciate the main methodologies and controversies associated with determining phylogenetic relationships<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify the defining features of the key invertebrate groups<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Appreciate how representatives from the key invertebrate groups carry out basic animal functions in similar or different ways<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Appreciate the economic, social, and scientific impact that invertebrates have on human society<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","module_code":"BL2304","programme":false,"skills":false,"timetable":"","module_code_year":"2021_2\/S1\/BL2304","credits":"15","semester":"1","module_organiser":false,"pre-requisite_modules":[1606,1607],"additional_information":"","ID":1804,"post_title":"BL2304 - Invertebrate Zoology","post_content":"<span>The vast majority of animals are invertebrates - they do not have backbones. This module surveys the major invertebrate groups, emphasizing the diversity of body plans while demonstrating how the common functional requirements such as feeding, reproduction, respiration and excretion are achieved. The module starts with the simplest animals such as sponges and jellyfish, and considers how these primitive animals may have arisen from non-animal ancestors. It continues with a description of the several groups of worms, and the molluscs and arthropods. The last major group discussed are the echinoderms, which are close invertebrate relatives to vertebrate animals such as ourselves. The economic, social, and scientific impact that invertebrates have on human society is identified. The evolutionary relations between the various groups is the common thread that binds this diversity into a coherent story. A series of practical exercises reinforces and complements the lecture component of this module.<\/span>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"4","post_date":"2022-05-18 17:12:46","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-18 16:12:46","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bl2304-invertebrate-zoology","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-05-18 17:12:46","post_modified_gmt":"2022-05-18 16:12:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=module&#038;p=1804","menu_order":0,"post_type":"module","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"_thumbnail_id":["1786","4","2022-05-18 16:38:53","2022-05-18 15:38:53","","trap-jaw-ant-melvyn-yeo","image: A trap jaw ant of the genus Odontomachus. Photograph courtesy Melvyn Yeo.","inherit","open","closed","","trap-jaw-ant-melvyn-yeo","","","2022-05-18 17:11:18","2022-05-18 16:11:18","","0","https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/05\/trap-jaw-ant-melvyn-yeo.jpg","0","attachment","image\/jpeg","0","1786"],"post_format":false,"skill":false,"id":1804},{"assessment_details":"2-hour Written Examination = 50%, Coursework = 50%","contributing_staff":[1812],"learning_outcomes":"Students completing module BL2307 successfully should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explain what Ecology is and what is its importance in modern human societies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Summarise what the different population processes are<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Be able to describe the flow of energy through food webs, and controls thereon<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Be able to identify and use an economic (cost-benefit) approach to understand the functional significance of behaviour<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Differentiate between the different levels of biodiversity<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe what molecular ecology is and how it can be used in conservation biology<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","module_code":"BL2307","programme":false,"skills":false,"timetable":"","module_code_year":"2021_2\/S2\/BL2307","credits":"15","semester":"2","module_organiser":1811,"pre-requisite_modules":[1606,1607],"additional_information":"","ID":1810,"post_title":"BL2307 - Ecology","post_content":"<span>This module introduces basic concepts in population and community ecology and how they relate to biodiversity. It provides an understanding of fundamental ecological concepts including population regulation, intra- and inter-specific competition, species niche as well as taxonomic and functional diversity. This module is suitable for all Biologists and environmental scientists. Although it is an introductory module, it will cover the latest developments in the field of ecology.<\/span>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"4","post_date":"2022-05-19 08:51:38","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-19 07:51:38","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bl2307-ecology","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-05-19 08:51:59","post_modified_gmt":"2022-05-19 07:51:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=module&#038;p=1810","menu_order":0,"post_type":"module","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"_thumbnail_id":["1788","4","2022-05-18 16:39:00","2022-05-18 15:39:00","","BenthicEcologists","","inherit","open","closed","","benthicecologists","","","2022-05-18 16:39:00","2022-05-18 15:39:00","","0","https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/05\/BenthicEcologists.png","0","attachment","image\/png","0","1788"],"post_format":false,"skill":false,"id":1810},{"assessment_details":"2-hour Written Examination = 50%, Coursework = 50%","contributing_staff":[1791,1820],"learning_outcomes":"Students completing module BL2310 successfully should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understand and describe the fundamentals of differing physiological control systems<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Compare the structure and function of the different physiological systems<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how the integration of physiological control mechanisms permits the maintenance of homeostasis<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand the physiological basis of organismal adaptations to environmental challenge<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use quantitative methods to analyze, and permit interpretation of, important physiological phenomena<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","module_code":"BL2310","programme":[1605],"skills":false,"timetable":"","module_code_year":"2021_2\/S2\/BL2310","credits":"15","semester":"2","module_organiser":false,"pre-requisite_modules":[1606,1607],"additional_information":"","ID":1608,"post_title":"BL2310 - Comparative Physiology","post_content":"<span>A comparative physiologist studies organisms to explore the origins and nature of physiological diversity. This module covers the principles of physiological adaptation in a range of animals, including examples from all major taxa and from all habitats. The specific topics and components include: (1) the physiological consequences of body size and scaling effects; (2) respiratory and circulatory systems in vertebrates and invertebrates; (3) thermal physiology: (4) water balance in aquatic and land animals; (5) the mammalian kidney and its functioning; (6) sensory systems in different environments; (7) neural signaling and vertebrate senses; (8) control systems - hormones and pheromones; and (9) immunity and the maintenance of physiological integrity.<\/span>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"4","post_date":"2022-01-20 21:49:09","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-20 21:49:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"comparative-physiology","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-05-19 09:16:04","post_modified_gmt":"2022-05-19 08:16:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/?post_type=module&#038;p=1608","menu_order":0,"post_type":"module","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"_thumbnail_id":["1733","4","2022-05-18 16:37:43","2022-05-18 15:37:43","image: Nephila clavata Koch - the Japanese golden web spider. This large bodied (3 cm) spider is a voracious predator and shows marked sexual dimorphism (small males, large females) plus complex mating behavior - including sexual cannibalism.","BL2310","image: Nephila clavata Koch - the Japanese golden web spider. This large bodied (3 cm) spider is a voracious predator and shows marked sexual dimorphism (small males, large females) plus complex mating behavior - including sexual cannibalism.","inherit","open","closed","","bl2310","","","2022-05-19 09:13:54","2022-05-19 08:13:54","","0","https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/05\/BL2310.jpg","0","attachment","image\/jpeg","0","1733"],"post_format":false,"skill":false,"id":1608}],"additional_information":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/module\/1614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/module"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/module"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"skill","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biology.st-andrews.ac.uk\/students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/skill?post=1614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}